温度对墨西哥湾扇贝幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响

为研究墨西哥湾扇贝人工育苗的适宜温度，2000年4月和2001年4月在浙江省玉环县抛西水产育苗场，通过设置不同温度梯度，研究了海水温度对墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫和稚贝生长与存活的影响。结果表明：墨西哥湾扇贝浮游幼虫的适宜温度为20－33℃，最佳生长温度为25－30℃。稚贝的适宜温度为15－33℃，最适生长温度为25－30℃。     

虾池暂养海湾扇贝稚贝试验报告

１９９２年莱州湾畔利用虾池暂养出池 海湾扇贝稚贝１１．１５亿粒，出商品苗２．４亿粒，保苗率为２１．５％，出苗规格３～５ｍｍ，比到外地购飞商品苗提前１５～天下海养殖。     

化学物质对不同发育天数海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导

自海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)受精后第10天起,定期取一定量海湾扇贝幼虫,分别置于不同浓度梯度的KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺、GABA、茶碱和咖啡因等8种诱导物中,处理时间为8h。实验后第14天取出幼虫观察显示,这8种诱导物对不同发育天数海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有着不同的诱导作用。13.42×10-3和20.13×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12天幼虫的变态有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值;当幼虫发育至第13和14天时,上述两浓度的KCl能够明显诱导幼虫变态,变态率均提高20%以上,而对于第16天的幼虫诱导作用有所减弱,变态提高率有所降低;26.85×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12和13天幼虫的变态均有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值,对第14和16天幼虫的变态却有明显持续的诱导作用,变态率分别提高22.98%和37.5%。神经递质肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺和GABA的诱导作用规律基本相似,即对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有明显的抑制作用,变态提高率均为负值,而对第14天幼虫的诱导作用较显著。茶碱和咖啡因作为影响细胞内cAMP的物质,其诱导作用规律与神经递质有所不同,对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导效果最好。     

莱州湾金城海湾扇贝养殖海区防牡蛎附着的研究

１９９９年６￣８月，在莱州湾莱州市金城镇海湾扇贝养殖区，研究了牡蛎幼虫对海湾扇贝的附着规律。在养殖海区，离岸１５００ｍ以外纵向设立了３个定点站，近岸１５００ｍ海区作为一个观察点。结果表明，牡蛎主要为长牡蛎和褶牡蛎，６月下旬水温达到２２￣２３℃时，海水中出现牡蛎幼虫密度最高峰期（９５０个／ｍ＾２），主要为长牡蛎；８月中旬水温降到２７￣２６℃时出现次高峰（３７０个／ｍ＾２），主要为褶牡蛎。水温是监视牡     

(钅止)锚湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状与评价

根据2006-2007年(钅止)锚湾海湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状调查资料,分析了该水域表层营养盐类的分布特征并对其富营养化现状进行了评价.调查结果表明,该水域2006年水环境质量好于2007年.2年来均表现为 5、6月水质较好, 8月水质较差,2007年8月水质最差,水体已呈富营养化状态,并开始受到有机物污染.     

Experimental larval culture of the Caribbean scallops Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus

Several experiments were performed examining the effect of different culture variables on the growth and survival of Argopecten nucleus and Nodipecten nodosus larvae. Higher growth and survival values were obtained at a low density (1 larvae mL^?1) than at a high density (5 larvae mL^?1), except for N. nodosus's survival, which was not affected by density. Higher growth was obtained when feeding the larvae a diet of Isochrysis galbana, similar results occurred with the diet of Isochrysis galbana+Chaetoceros calcitrans in A. nucleus and with I. galbana combined with the lipid emulsion EmDHA in N. nodosus. Higher survival was obtained when the diet included a mixture of microalgae than when EmDHA was supplemented. Growth and survival of the larvae of A. nucleus were greater when fed continuously, while N. nodosus grew and survived better when food was given discontinuously. Higher growth and survival values were recorded at lower food concentrations ranging from 20 to 40 cells μL^?1 of I. galbana. Higher growth was observed with increasing temperature between 22 and 28 °C, although there was a simultaneous decrease in survival. No significant effects on larval production parameters were found when the culture water was changed totally or partially, but higher larval growth of N. nodosus was verified when a partial renewal of water was performed.     

影响海湾扇贝中间育成效果的因素探讨

影响海湾扇贝中间育成效果的主要因素有:育成器具种类(A)、换袋时间(B)、网孔大小(C)和装苗量(D)。正交试验和方差试验表明,A、C、D为提高保苗率的敏感因素,B、C、D为提高生长效果的显著因素。试验结果提出:网箱或圆锥形袋的保苗率明显优于扁袋;每隔15～30天更换一次网袋可显著加快贝苗的生长速度,网孔大小以2mm为适宜,每袋最终实际装苗量应在2000只以内。     

海湾扇贝亲贝、幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯耐受性的研究

为确定二氧化氯对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)亲贝、幼虫和稚贝的安全用量范围,本实验研究海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对不同浓度二氧化氯的耐受性。按照亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝的先后顺序进行4个独立实验,每实验设6个不同的二氧化氯浓度,每浓度设三个重复,每实验持续时间为24 h,分别在12 h和24 h测定二氧化氯对亲贝和幼虫死亡率的影响。结果表明,海湾扇贝亲贝、D型幼虫、眼点幼虫和稚贝对二氧化氯均具有较强的耐受性,其安全浓度分别为20 mg/L、5 mg/L、10 mg/L和10 mg/L。     

墨西哥湾扇贝生殖细胞发生和性腺发育研究

[目的]研究墨西哥湾扇贝的生殖细胞和性腺发育,为该种的健康养殖提供参考依据。[方法]从湛江乌石墨西哥湾扇贝养殖群体取样,对其性腺进行制片和观察。[结果]墨西哥湾扇贝卵子的发生可分为卵原细胞期、生长初期、生长中期、生长后期和成熟期;精子的发生可分为精原细胞期、初级精母细胞期、次级精母细胞期、精细胞期和精子期。根据滤泡中生殖细胞的形态和所占比例,可将墨西哥湾扇贝生殖腺的发生过程分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、生殖期和休止期。墨西哥湾扇贝性腺的成熟期和生殖期不同步。[结论]墨西哥湾扇贝雌雄同体,性腺发育不同步。     

SNPs of myostatin (MSTN) gene and their association with growth traits in three bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) populations

Genetic diversity and correlation analysis between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of myostatin (MSTN) gene and the growth traits were performed in Argopecten irradians. Around 279 individuals from three A. irradians populations were screened for the polymorphic sites of the MSTN gene. Two SNPs were found: T910G and G1162A. The observed heterozygosity of the two SNPs ranged from 0.1310 to 0.3299, whereas the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1436 to 0.2973. The values of D′ and r² of linkage disequilibrium (LD) ranged from 0.475 to 1.0 and 0.052 to 0.174 respectively. Association analysis shows that individuals with genotype TT and TG of locus W4 had significantly higher adductor muscle mass than that with genotype GG in population CA (P < 0.05). Individuals with genotype AA of locus W5 had significantly higher body mass, soft‐tissue mass, adductor muscle mass, shell width and shell mass than those of other genotypes in population RZ (P < 0.05). The two SNPs found in our study can be used for molecule marker‐assisted breeding of A. irradians.